This article from the column "Bisag Unsa" written by multi-awarded historian and writer, Prof. Macario Tiu for MindaViews, narrated some interesting insights about the theories as to the origin of the anthropomorphic figures found in Southern Mindanao, specifically in Sarangani Province. He also narrated about a very intriguing creation mythology of the Blaan, one among many indigenous groups fluorishing and preserving their ancient culture for centuries in the hills and mountains of Mindanao, about the very ancient humans who used to be hermaphroditic, i.e. having both male and female organs. However, he has written his article in the local dialect, Bisaya. Individuals interested to know more about the article may contact him through his email.
The myth about this very olden ancestry was also mentioned by the Greek philosopher Plato in one of his writings. Based on my personal research, Mindanao's Blaan mythology especially pertaining to hermaphroditic ancestry, may actually be one of the most ancient accounts of human origins, in fact more ancient than the Sumerian mythology, considering the Sumerians were known as the most ancient of civilizations in the known world.
(ancient artifacts found in Sarangani, Southern Mindanao, photo courtesy of noelbynature)
Misteryo sa mga Banga sa Maitum
Ni Macario D. Tiu
DAKBAYAN SA DABAW (MindaNews/10 Mayo) -- Dihang nadiskubre niadtong 1991 ang
antigong mga banga sa Langob sa Ayob, Pinol, Maitum, Probinsya sa Sarangani, naukay pag-ayo ang mga arkeyologo ug ubang siyentipiko. Talagsaon man ugod kaayo ang porma sa banga nga ginama sa kulonong yuta ug giluto sa hinayng kalayo. Ang mga taklob sa banga hulmag nawong sa tawo nga naay mata, ilong, dalunggan, ug baba. Ang ibabaw sa ulo gipinturahan og itom. Naa say mga ulo nga gibuslot-buslot ug makapangutana ka kon gisuksokan ba nig lanot o unsa kahang butanga aron mosilbing buhok.
Naay mga taklob nga hulmag tawo gikan ulo hangtod pusod. Buot ipasabot, hasta ang abaga ug duha ka kamot ug mga tudlo apil sa hulma. Ang mga babaye mailhan kay gibutangan og mga tutoy.
Segun sa radiocarbon test nga gihimo sa National Museum, ang mga banga nahimo sa mga tuig 5 WMK (wala pa matawo si Kristo) hangtod 400 HMK (human matawo si Kristo). Buot ipasabot, kining mga bangaa nag-edad nag 2,000 ka tuig.
Ang sulod sa mga banga mga bukog sa tawo. Gihimo kining ikaduhang lubnganan sa mga patay, usa ka praktis nga ginahimo sa daghang kultura kaniadto. Human madugta ang lawas sa patay, ibalhin ang mga bukog sa banga ug ilubong pag-usab.
Sumala sa taga National Museum, ang mga dagway sa banga naghulagway og mga indibidwal nga tawo. Lahi-lahi sila pagkahimo, morag tagsa-tagsa ka larawan. Naay nawong nga payat ug talinis og suwang, naay mga edaran na ug walay ngipon, ug naa say mga nawong nga nagngisi ug nagpakitag kompletong ngipon.
Ug ang dakong pangutana: Kinsa man kining mga tawo o tribu nga naghimo sa banga? Kining pangutana nahimong dakong talinghaga nga wala pay kasulbaran.
Milalom ang misteryo kay niadtong Abril 2008, naa na say nakit-an nga susamang mga banga sa Langob sa Sagel pipila lang ka metro gikan sa Langob sa Ayob. Nadugangan ang kahingangha sa mga siyentipiko dihang narekober ang daghang mga tipak sa banga nga hulmag tawo niadtong Setyembre 2008. Sumala sa imbestigasyon, nakuha ang mga hulmag-tawong banga sa Maguid, Palembang, pipila ka kilometro gikan sa Maitum.
Segun sa unang mga pakisusi, lahi kuno ang mga dagway sa banga sa Maguid tandi sa mga dagway sa banga sa Maitum. Naa sab silay pagkapareho, apan lagmit kuno, laing grupo sa tawo ang naghimo sa banga sa Maguid kaysa mga banga sa Maitum. Hinuon kining managkalahing grupo sa tawo dunay koneksyon. Dugang pa, morag mas karaan kuno ang mga banga sa Maguid kaysa mga banga sa Maitum segun sa pagkahimo niini.
Ug ang dakong pangutana nagpabilin: kinsa man ang naghimo niining mga banga? Asa na man sila, kining “lost tribe?” Nakapangutana ang taga National Museum niini kay ang mga netibong Manobo, Teduray, ug Blaan nga nagpuyo dinhang dapita dili nagalubong sa ilang mga patay gamit ang mga pininturahang banga.
Kanang pangutana kon kinsa ang naghimo sa mga banga sa Maitum akong gisulayag tubag niadto pang 2003 kalabot sa akong panukiduki sa kasaysayan sa Dabaw. Nganong nakaabot kos Maitum nga sakop na man ni sa Sarangani? Kana tungod kay sa pagsubay nako sa prehistory sa Dabaw, nagduda ko nga ang naghimo sa mga banga sa Maitum mao ang mga Blaan, usa ka tribu nga nagpuyo usab sa habagatang-kasadpang bahin sa Dabaw. Ang ubang kandidato nako nga
maoy naghimo sa mga banga mao ang Tboli ug layo na kaayo, ang Teduray. Wala nako giapil ang mga Manobo (Dulangan) tungod kay nagtuo ko nga kini sila mga manunulong sa maong lugar, ug maoy hinungdan nganong naundang ang paghimo sa mga banga.
Aduna koy pipila ka rason nganong Blaan ang naghimo sa mga banga. Ang akong mga argumento akong giapil sa akong libro “Davao: Reconstructing history from text and memory” (Research and Publication Office, Ateneo de Davao University, 2005). Karon, nausab na ang akong hunahuna. Ang akong nag-unang kandidato sa naghimo sa banga mao na ang Tboli. Nganong nausab man ang akong tubag? Ug mas una pa, nganong Blaan man ang akong tubag kaniadto?
Una sa tanan, ang mga Tboli ug Blaan dug-ol kaayo nga tribu. Dili lang kay managsilingan silag teritoryo, halos managsama silag kultura. Mas daghan ang ilang pagka managsama kay sa ilang pagka managlahi. Magkasinabot silag sinultian kay ang ilang mga dila nahisakop sa usa ka pamilya sa lengwahe (lakip ang Teduray ug Giangan sa Dabaw!)
Unta ang mga timailhan pabor sa mga Tboli nga sila ang naghimo sa hulmag-tawong banga. Ang ilang teritoryo duol sa Maitum. Sa pagkakaron sa Cotabato, sila lang ang tribu nga nagahimog tawo-tawong bronse. Hangtod karon daghan kag mapalit ani sa Aldevinco. Nako pa, kon tighimo silag tawo-tawo nga bronse karon, dili ba posible nga kanang ilang katakos nakuha ila sa ilang katigulangan nga tighimog hulmag-tawong banga? Apan sa akong pangusisa, naay miingon nako nga kahibalo man usab kuno mohimog pigurin (figurine) ang mga Blaan. Mas sikat lang kuno ang produkto sa mga Tboli. Busa mikiling ko sa mga Blaan tungod kay nasayod ko sa ilang mitos ug leyenda mahitungod sa paghimo sa unang mga tawo. Mao kini ang mubong bersyon:
Sila si Fyuwe ug Sawe naghimog unang tawo gikan sa kulonong yuta. Naglalis silang duha kay gusto ni Sawe nga ang buslot sa ilong ipaatubang sa taas. Malumos ang tawo niana, matod pang Fyuwe, apan nagmatinumanon si Sawe. Dihang mitalikod si Sawe, giliso ni Fyuwe ang ilong paubos, apan sa iyang pagdali-dali, naduot niya ang ilong sa tawo. (Mao na nga pango ta, hahaha!)
Sa akong pagtuo, kining karaang mitos nagpamatuod nga ang mga Blaan dunay tradisyon nga tighimog tawo gikan sa kulonong yuta. Sa usa ka bersyon sa ilang mitos, gimando sa Diwata nga tipigan nila ang ilang buhok tungod kay mao kini ang materyal nga gamiton sa pagpasanay sa ilang kaliwat. Aha, sa hunahuna ko pa, mao diay nga gihatagan nilag espesyal nga atensyon ang buhok sa ilang hulmag-tawong banga. Ilang gibuslot-buslotan ang ulo sa ilang hulmag-tawong banga! Ug busa mihukom ko nga mga Blaan ang naghimo sa mga banga sa Maitum.
Eksayted ko sa akong linya sa paghunahuna tungod kay nasayod sab ko sa ilang mitos mahitungod sa kinatawo sa tawo. Sa unang panahon kuno, ang kinatawo sa mga tawo nahimutang sa ilang tuhod. Ang utin naa sa tuong tuhod, samtang ang bilat naa sa walang tuhod. Wala kunoy mahimo ang mga tawo kay magsige na lag palami, ug busa giusab ni Fyuwe ang gikahimutangan sa mga kinatawo. Mao na ni ang resulta karon, naay lalaki, naay babaye. Mao tingali ni nga lahi ang banga nga lalaki, ug ang banga nga babaye!? Matag analisis nako sa mga mitos sa Blaan, misamot ko kakombinsido nga ang mga Blaan ang naghimo sa mga banga sa Maitum.
Karong tuiga, nakahigayon kog estorya og mga Tboli ug nausab ang akong panlantaw mahitungod sa mga banga sa Maitum. Taudtaod na sab ko nga nakig-interaksyon sa mga Tboli apan ang akong nasayran sa ilang binaba nga literatura (oral literature) mao ang ilang bayaning si Tod Bulol ug ang iyang kabayo nga si Kaunting. Dihang mipokus ko sa ilang mitos sa pagmugna sa tawo, dako ang akong sorpresa dihang akong nasayran nga susama diay silag estorya sa mga Blaan! Sumala sa usa ka bersyon sa Tboli, ang naghimo sa unang tawo gikan sa kulonong yuta mao sila si Hyuwe ug Sedekwe! Sama sa bersyon sa Blaan, naglalis sab ni silang duha mahitungod sa pagpahimutang sa ilong ug kinatawo. Kamatikdan nga halos susamag ngalan kining mga tighimog tawo, si Hyuwe sa Tboli, Fyuwe sa Blaan; ug Sedekwe sa Tboli, Sawe sa Blaan.
Girebyu nako ang gilangkobang teritoryo sa mga Tboli. Gikan sa mga interbyu ug karaang dokumento sama sa taho sa mga katsilang pari kaniadto, akong napamatud-an nga mga Tboli ang netibung tribu nga nagpuyo liyok ug luyo sa Maitum. Dihang nabasa nako nga ang mga Tboli nagapraktis og tamblang – ang paglimbas sa ngipon ug bangkil aron motupong ang tanang ngipon – akong gisusi ang mga retrato sa mga antigong hulmag-tawong banga ug nakita nako nga kadtong nagngisi morag tupong og mga ngipon! Miswak na sab sa akong teyoriya.
Ang hinungdan nganong tupongon sa mga Tboli ang ilang mga ngipon mao nga gusto nilang ipanaglahi ang ilang kaugalingon isip tawo gikan sa mga hayop nga bangkilan. Karaang praktis nila ni nga dili na ginasunod sa mga bag-ong tubo. Unya, akong gisusi ang mga tawong pigurin nga bronse nga gihimo sa mga Tboli karon, ug akong namatikdan nga kadaghanan, kondili man tanan, nagnganga, morag gusto nilang ipakita ang ilang mga ngipon. Gagmay lang ang gidak-on sa mga tawo-tawong bronse ug lisod gyod tingali ang paghimog ngipon gamit ang “lost wax process.” Busa hangtod na lang sila sa pagnganga.
Daghan pag angay susihon sa mga hulmag-tawong banga aron hingpit ang akong pag-analisis ani. Sayang wala pa koy higayon nga makita sa personal ang mga hulmag-tawong banga aron unta ni mabutingting pag-ayo. Hangtod lang ko sa mga retrato. Namatikdan nakong buslot silag dalunggan, samtang ang mga babaye nagsuot og pulseras ug kulintas. Ang ubang banga naay mga dekorasyon nga nagkulot nga linya, susama gyod sa makita sa modernong tawo-tawong bronse sa mga Tboli.
Mas molig-on pa gyod unta ang akong teyoriya nga ang mga Tboli ang naghimo sa mga hulmag-tawong banga sa Maitum kon madugangan ang reserts didto mismo sa Maitum ug makainterbyu kog mga Lumad didto. Basin duna silay ikadugang mga datos. Aw, hinuon, andam sab ko mapamatud-ang sayop ang akong teyoriya ug nga ilabay ni sa Bankerohan River.
(Ang “Bisag Unsa” regular nga kolum ni Macario D. Tiu para sa MindaViews, ang seksyon sa opinion sa MindaNews. Si Mac usa ka Palanca awardee ug National Book awardee. Usa usab siya ka propesor sa Ateneo de Davao University. Puyde nimo ma-email si Mac sa mac_tiu@yahoo.com.ph)
Minda News: Bisag Unsa by Macario Tiu
Sunday, May 24, 2009
Saturday, May 16, 2009
Did the Nation's ancient history originate from Southern Mindanao?
The country's mainstream history lessons vaguely narrate about its people's ancestry dated to as far as 50,000 BC. The remains of a skull cap was discovered however, in the Tabon caves of Palawan and was carbon dated at about 22,000 BC. Centuries later, waves of migrants with their swift wooden boats called 'balangays' (from which came the basic government unit termed as "barangay") then settled in the archipelagic islands where they established small towns and colonies. But informations relative to these were not as preserved, owing to the fact that most of the legacies were destroyed due to religious bigotry exhibited by Spanish colonizers who arrived by the 16th century.
More extensive informations however, were made available primarily from documents by the colonizers and from whose sources most of the country's conscious history had based itself. In the Filipino psyche the making of the nation's history were mostly dependent on Spanish documents, and conventional national consciousness dictated that the nation's extensive history began in the islands of Visayas and Luzon (although some historians argue that first mass held between the locals and the Spanish explorers began somewhere in Masau, Butuan in Mindanao and not in Limasaua, Leyte in the Visayas).
Still, the country's pre-colonial history remained vague. However, there were research that among the earliest migrants, a wave of settlers had arrived in the southern shores of Mindanao, in present day Palembang, Sultan Kudarat (ironically, Palembang was also the name of ancient Sri-Vijayan Empire's capital city based in Sumatra, Indonesia) from as early as 500 AD. From there the early peoples spread towards the whole of the island. It was only later that other waves of migrants arrived in other parts of Visayas and Luzon during the 11th and 13th century by small groups that resisted the Islam faith and political systems of the mainlands, or seeking freedom and better sustenance.
However, the history of Southern Mindanao may even be much older than that. As if plucked out from myths and legends, old tales narrate of ancient tribes of giants known as Dinagats that once lived in Samal island that now faces the modern city of Davao, south of Mindanao. Except that these enigmatic, extinct race were neither myths or legends, for archeological evidences and skeletal excavations were documented even by foreign French and German scientists, and local resarchers as well, and even by construction workers. Despite an otherwise gem of history that any self-respecting nation would have treasured, these did not register much to the national consciousness, probably because some mediocre Filipino historians and closeminded academicians bluntly stifled it off.
The giants were eventually eliminated through poisoning by neighboring groups (they drifted a raft filled with delectable food) in retaliation for their misdeeds (which the giants mistook as offerings in submission to their 'superiority'), for the giants would often raid and steal from these villages, and kidnap their women. Some children borne out of it retained the gargantuan features and they were assimilated with the tribe, while those borne of small stature were given less attention and segregated with the women. These however, proved fatal for the giants as they were the only ones allowed to feast on the poisoned food. Eventually the giants died, leaving only the smaller people as survivors. To differentiate from the giant Dinagats, they called themselves Samal, meaning "leftovers" or "dregs."
These giant races had been mentioned in Biblical passages and known as "Nephilims," or by more historical sources, from the documents of the Sumerians, the most ancient of civilizations in Post-Deluvian human history that were once based in present day Iraq and dated to as far as 6000 BC but mysteriously vanished about 2000 BC. It should also be noted that the creation mythology of the Samals was intriguingly similar with that of the ancient Sumerians.
The giants were known to be hybrid offsprings, being borne out from the union of "gods" and humans. there were also other giant skeletal remains excavated in many parts of the world such as the Euphrates Valleys and in Europe.
("Human" skeletal femur found in Turkey and exhibited in Texas)
(A part of my personal research about the Samal giants were sourced from a narrative by Maria F. Mangahas, the others were from actual accounts narrated by an acquaintance who met with the natives of Samal, but both accounts confirmed similarities)
More extensive informations however, were made available primarily from documents by the colonizers and from whose sources most of the country's conscious history had based itself. In the Filipino psyche the making of the nation's history were mostly dependent on Spanish documents, and conventional national consciousness dictated that the nation's extensive history began in the islands of Visayas and Luzon (although some historians argue that first mass held between the locals and the Spanish explorers began somewhere in Masau, Butuan in Mindanao and not in Limasaua, Leyte in the Visayas).
Still, the country's pre-colonial history remained vague. However, there were research that among the earliest migrants, a wave of settlers had arrived in the southern shores of Mindanao, in present day Palembang, Sultan Kudarat (ironically, Palembang was also the name of ancient Sri-Vijayan Empire's capital city based in Sumatra, Indonesia) from as early as 500 AD. From there the early peoples spread towards the whole of the island. It was only later that other waves of migrants arrived in other parts of Visayas and Luzon during the 11th and 13th century by small groups that resisted the Islam faith and political systems of the mainlands, or seeking freedom and better sustenance.
However, the history of Southern Mindanao may even be much older than that. As if plucked out from myths and legends, old tales narrate of ancient tribes of giants known as Dinagats that once lived in Samal island that now faces the modern city of Davao, south of Mindanao. Except that these enigmatic, extinct race were neither myths or legends, for archeological evidences and skeletal excavations were documented even by foreign French and German scientists, and local resarchers as well, and even by construction workers. Despite an otherwise gem of history that any self-respecting nation would have treasured, these did not register much to the national consciousness, probably because some mediocre Filipino historians and closeminded academicians bluntly stifled it off.
The giants were eventually eliminated through poisoning by neighboring groups (they drifted a raft filled with delectable food) in retaliation for their misdeeds (which the giants mistook as offerings in submission to their 'superiority'), for the giants would often raid and steal from these villages, and kidnap their women. Some children borne out of it retained the gargantuan features and they were assimilated with the tribe, while those borne of small stature were given less attention and segregated with the women. These however, proved fatal for the giants as they were the only ones allowed to feast on the poisoned food. Eventually the giants died, leaving only the smaller people as survivors. To differentiate from the giant Dinagats, they called themselves Samal, meaning "leftovers" or "dregs."
These giant races had been mentioned in Biblical passages and known as "Nephilims," or by more historical sources, from the documents of the Sumerians, the most ancient of civilizations in Post-Deluvian human history that were once based in present day Iraq and dated to as far as 6000 BC but mysteriously vanished about 2000 BC. It should also be noted that the creation mythology of the Samals was intriguingly similar with that of the ancient Sumerians.
The giants were known to be hybrid offsprings, being borne out from the union of "gods" and humans. there were also other giant skeletal remains excavated in many parts of the world such as the Euphrates Valleys and in Europe.
("Human" skeletal femur found in Turkey and exhibited in Texas)
(A part of my personal research about the Samal giants were sourced from a narrative by Maria F. Mangahas, the others were from actual accounts narrated by an acquaintance who met with the natives of Samal, but both accounts confirmed similarities)
Saturday, May 2, 2009
Manny the Maharlikan
A few days ago, I noticed considerable increase of readership in the blog that prodded me to trace its origins. I discovered that most of these came from surfers around the world who typed in search engines the word, "maharlikan." It seemed unusual since many of the researchers didn't come from the country, until I found a recent article about Manny Pacquiao entitled "Is Pacquiao a Symbol of the Return of the Maharlikan?" by Gareth Davies of telegraph.co.uk. It is most likely this article that prodded world curiosity about the term Maharlikan.
Here is an excerpt:
"The Philippines has lost the essence of being a true Maharlikan nation. Long before the Spanish conquered the island [and renamed it after the Spanish royal Felipe] the Maharlikans were a great nation. The spirit of the Maharlikan was imbued with a sense of royalty, and one of divinity. Manny has that parallel in his life. He has the truism of a real national hero."
Incidentally, among the individuals interviewed by Mr. Gareth was Mr. Granville Ampong, editor and publisher of the Maharlikan Times, and he was the first to post comment in this blog. It's an honor indeed, Sir.
Manny Pacquiao has become a household name in this country. So endeared was Manny that he was given such titles as "Pambansang Kamao" (National Fist) and became the first Filipino boxer to be printed on postage stamps. it is even written in the country's law that the Army will go to Pacquiao's aid in the event of danger to his family.
Manny's early life was one of hard poverty that his family even lived in dwelling made of cardboard boxes. Manny's mother raised the future hero with belief in God and at first wanted him to be a priest. A crucial event happened in Manny's life one day when he brought home a stray dog. Enraged, his drunk father cooked and ate the stray dog to punish him. Horrified, Manny packed his bags and stowed away in a boat bound for Manila, about 500 miles from his home in Southern Mindanao. From then on, he has continually made unprecedented mark in world boxing history.
Here is an excerpt:
"The Philippines has lost the essence of being a true Maharlikan nation. Long before the Spanish conquered the island [and renamed it after the Spanish royal Felipe] the Maharlikans were a great nation. The spirit of the Maharlikan was imbued with a sense of royalty, and one of divinity. Manny has that parallel in his life. He has the truism of a real national hero."
Incidentally, among the individuals interviewed by Mr. Gareth was Mr. Granville Ampong, editor and publisher of the Maharlikan Times, and he was the first to post comment in this blog. It's an honor indeed, Sir.
Manny Pacquiao has become a household name in this country. So endeared was Manny that he was given such titles as "Pambansang Kamao" (National Fist) and became the first Filipino boxer to be printed on postage stamps. it is even written in the country's law that the Army will go to Pacquiao's aid in the event of danger to his family.
Manny's early life was one of hard poverty that his family even lived in dwelling made of cardboard boxes. Manny's mother raised the future hero with belief in God and at first wanted him to be a priest. A crucial event happened in Manny's life one day when he brought home a stray dog. Enraged, his drunk father cooked and ate the stray dog to punish him. Horrified, Manny packed his bags and stowed away in a boat bound for Manila, about 500 miles from his home in Southern Mindanao. From then on, he has continually made unprecedented mark in world boxing history.
Arakan
Arakan, Burma
In Burma (presently known as Myanmar), there is a place called Arakan. Among its inhabitants were an indigenous tribe known as "Mon." The other name for these people are "Talaing."
In Marilog, Davao City, a vantage roadside overlooks a scenic, panoramic landscape known, "coincidentaly," as the Arakan Valley. It is a municipality of North Cotabato that borders the city. Many indigenous and migrant inhabitants settle in the area. Among them were the tribes known, also "coincidentaly," as "Talaingod," which means "mountain people" and a sub-group of the Ata-Manobo tribe that inhabit the Arakan Valley. A certain municipality in nearby Davao del Norte was also known as Talaingod.
Arakan Valley, North Cotabato as seen from Davao City boundary
There are discussions as to the origin of the word Arakan. in Burma, it was locally known as Rakhine, and among its versions the possibility that it originated from Rakkhapura meaning the people of Rakhasa in honor of preservation of national heritage or ethics. The Arakan Valley in North Cotabato, Mindanao was supposedly derived from the Manobo words "Ara," which means abundance of resources, and "Kan" that means bravery, valor, and also referring to one of the rivers of the valley.
In Burma (presently known as Myanmar), there is a place called Arakan. Among its inhabitants were an indigenous tribe known as "Mon." The other name for these people are "Talaing."
In Marilog, Davao City, a vantage roadside overlooks a scenic, panoramic landscape known, "coincidentaly," as the Arakan Valley. It is a municipality of North Cotabato that borders the city. Many indigenous and migrant inhabitants settle in the area. Among them were the tribes known, also "coincidentaly," as "Talaingod," which means "mountain people" and a sub-group of the Ata-Manobo tribe that inhabit the Arakan Valley. A certain municipality in nearby Davao del Norte was also known as Talaingod.
Arakan Valley, North Cotabato as seen from Davao City boundary
There are discussions as to the origin of the word Arakan. in Burma, it was locally known as Rakhine, and among its versions the possibility that it originated from Rakkhapura meaning the people of Rakhasa in honor of preservation of national heritage or ethics. The Arakan Valley in North Cotabato, Mindanao was supposedly derived from the Manobo words "Ara," which means abundance of resources, and "Kan" that means bravery, valor, and also referring to one of the rivers of the valley.
Labels:
arakan valley,
burma,
davao,
north cotabato,
talaingod
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